elentsofrcury,eseciallyitseentricity,seegetosignificantextentthisisartlybecaetheorbitaltiscaleoftheistheshortestofallthes,whichleadstooreraidorbitalevotionthanotherthenertostabilitythisresultaearstobesoagreer's(1994,1996)exectationsthatrgeandirregurvariationsaeartheeentricitiesandclationsofrcuryontiscaleofseveral109yrhowever,theeffectoftheossiblestabilityoftheorbitofrcuryaynotfatallyaffecttheglobalstabilityofthewholearysysteogtothesallassofrcurywewillntion
ieflythelongterorbitalevotionoftersectionlowassfilteredorbitalelents
theorbitalotionoftheouterfiveseesrigorolystableanditereguroverthistisan(seealsosection5)
32tibsas
althoughthearyotionexhibitsverylongterstabilitydefedasthenonexistenceofcloseenunterevents,thechaoticnatureofarydynagetheosciltoryeriodandalitudeofaryorbitalotiongraduallyoversuchlongtisansevensuchslightfctuationsoforbitalvariationthefreencydorlythecaseofearth,canotentiallyhavesignificanteffectonitssurfacecliatesystethroughsorsotionvariation(cfberger1988)
togiveanoverviewofthelongtergeeriodicityaryorbitalotion,weerfordanyfastfouriertransforations(ffts)alongthetiaxis,andsuerosedtheresultgeriodgrastodrawodinsionaltibsasthesecificaroachtodragthesetibsasthisaerisverysibssilerthanthewaveletanalysisorskar's(1990,1993)freencyanalysis
dividethelowassfilteredorbitaldatatoanyfragntsofthesalengththelengthofeachdatasegntshouldbeultileofordertoalythefft
eachfragntofthedatahasrgeovergart:forexale,whentheithdatabegsfrot=tiandendsatt=ti+t,thenextdatasegntrangesfroti+δt≤ti+δt+t,whereδt?twentuethisdivisionuntilwereachcertanuberbywhichtn+treachesthetotaltegrationlength
wealyanffttoeachofthedatafragnts,andobtafreencydiagras
eachfreencydiagraobtaedabove,thestrengthoferiodicitycanberecedbygreyscale(orlour)chart
weerfort,andnnectallthegreyscale(orlour)chartstoonegrahforeachtegrationthehorizontalaxisofthesenewgrahsshouldbetheti,iethestartgtibsfragntofdata(ti,wherei=1,…,n)theverticalaxisreresentstheeriod(orfreency)oftheosciltionoforbitalelents
wehaveadotedanfftbecaeofitsoverwhelgseed,scetheaountofnubsdatatobedeosedtofreencyisterriblyhuge(severaltensofgbytes)
tyicalexaleofthetibsacreatedbytheaboveroceduresisshowngreyscalediagraasfig5,whichshowsthevariationoferiodicitytheeentricityandclationofearthn+2tegrationfig5,thedarkareashowsthatatthetidicatedbythevaeontheabscissa,theeriodicitydicatedbytheordateisstrongerthanthelighterareaarounditwecanregnizefrothisthattheeriodicityoftheeentricityandclationofearthonlychangesslightlyovertheentireeriodveredbythen+2tegrationthisnearlyregurtrendisalitativelythesaothertegrationsandforothers,althoughtyicalfreenciesdifferbyandelentbyelent
42longtergeoforbitalenergyandangurontu
wecalcuteverylongeriodicvariationandexchangeofaryorbitalenergyandangurontufiltereddeunayelentsl,g,andareeivalenttothearyorbitalangurontuanditsverticalerunitassisretedtothearyorbitalenergyerunitassase=?μ22l2ifthesysteletelylear,theorbitalenergyandtheangurontubsfreencystantnonlearitythearysystebscaeanexchangeofenergyandangurontuthefreencydoathealitudeofthelowestfreencyosciltionshouldcreaseifthesysteisunstableand
eaksdowngraduallyhowever,suchsytoofstabilityisnotroourlongterions
fig7,thetotalorbitalenergyandangurontuofthefournerandallneareshownfortegrationn+2theuerthreeanelsshowthelongeriodicvariationoftotalenergy(denotedasee0),totalangurontugg0),andtheverticalhh0)ofthenerfourcalcutedfrothelowassfiltereddeunayelentse0,g0,h0denotetheitialvaesofeachantitytheabsotedifferencefrotheitialvaesislottedtheanelsthelowerthreeanelseachfigureshowee0,gg0andhh0ofthetotalofnethefctuationshowntheloweranelsisvirtuallyentirelyresultoftheassivejovians
argthevariationsofenergyandangurontuofthenerfourandallnes,itisaarentthatthealitudesofthoseofthenerarebssallerthanthoseofallnes:thealitudesoftheouterfivearergerthanthoseofthenerthisdoesnotanthatthenerterrestrialarysubsysteisorestablethantheouterone:thisissilyresultoftheretivesallnessoftheassesofthefourterrestrialaredwiththoseoftheouterjoviananotherthgwenoticeisthatthenerarysubsysteeunstableoreraidlythantheouteronebecaeofitsshorterorbitaltiscalesthiscanbeseentheanelsdenotedasnerfigwherethelongereriodicandirregurosciltionsareoreaarentthantheanelsdenotedastotalactually,thefctuationstheneranelsaretorgeextentasresultoftheorbitalvariationofthercuryhowever,wecannotneglectthentributionfrootherterrestrials,aswewillseesubseentsections
44longterulgofseveralneighbourgairs
letseesodividualvariationsofaryorbitalenergyandangurontuexressedbythelowassfiltereddeunayelentsfigs10and11showlongterevotionoftheorbitalenergyofeachandtheangurontun+1andn?2tegrationswenoticethatsosforaarentairstersoforbitalenergyandangurgearticur,venandearthbsairthefigures,theyshownegativerretionsexchangeofenergyandositiverretionsexchangeofangurontuiverretionexchangeoforbitalenergyansthattheforcloseddynabssystetersoftheorbitalenergytheositiverretionexchangeofangurontuansthattheareseolyundercertalongtererturbationscandidatesforerturbersarejuiterandsaturnalsofig11,wecanseethatarsshowsositiverretiontheangurontuvariationtotheven–earthsystercuryexhibitscertanegativerretionstheangurontuverstheven–earthsystebsseestobereactioncaedbythenservationofangurontutheterrestrialarysubsyste
itisnotclearattheontwhytheven–earthairexhibitsnegativerretionenergyexchangeandositiverretionangurgeweayossiblyexthisthroughobservgthegeneralfactthattherearenosecurteraryseiajoraxestosendordererturbationtheories(cf
ouwerclebs1961boalettiucao1998)thisansthatthearyorbitalenergy(whichisdirectlyretedtotheseiajoraxisa)bslessaffectedbyerturbgthanistheangurge(whichretestoe)hence,theeentricitiesofvenandearthcanbedisturbedeasilybyjuiterandsaturn,whichresultsositiverretiontheangurgeontheotherhand,theseiajoraxesofvenandeartharelesslikelytobedisturbedbythejovianththeenergyexchangeaybeliitedonlywiththeven–earthair,whichresultsnegativerretiontheexchangeoforbitalenergytheair
asfortheouterjovianarysubsyste,juiter–saturnanduran–uneseetobsairshowever,thestrengthoftheirulgisnotasstrongaredwiththatoftheven–earthair
x1010yrtegrationsofouteraryorbits
scethejovianaryassesarergerthantheterrestrialaryasses,wetreatthejovianarysysteasandeendentarysystetersofthestudyofitsdynabsstabilityhence,weaddeduleoftrialtegrationsthatsan1010yr,cdgonlytheouterfive(thefourjovianto)theresultsexhibittherigorostabilityoftheouterarysysteoverthislongtisanorbitalnfigurations(fig12),andvariationofeentricitiesandclations(fig13)showthisverylongterstabilityoftheouterfiveboththetiandthefreencydoasalthoughwedonotshowashere,thetyicalfreencyoftheorbitalosciltionoftoandtheotherouterisalstantdurgtheseverylongterioneriods,whichisdeonstratedthetibsasonourwebage
thesetegrations,theretivenubserrorthetotalenergywas?10?6andthatofthetotalangurontuwas?10?10
51resonancestheune–tosyste
koshitanakai(1996)tegratedtheouterfivearyorbitsover55109yrtheyfoundthatfourbsbeeenuneandtoareataeddurgthewholetegrationeriod,andthattheresonancesaybethecaesofthestabilityoftheorbitoftotheajorfourresonancesfoundrevioresearchareasfollowsthefollogdescrition,λdenotestheanlongitude,Ωisthelongitudeoftheascendgnodeandisthelongitudeoferihelionsubscritsanddenotetoandune
anbsbeeenuneandto(3:2)thecriticalarguntθ1=λ?λn??li
atesaround180°withanalitudeofabout80°andli
ationeriodofabout104yr
thearguntoferihelionoftow=θ2=??Ωli
atesaround90°witheriodofabout38106yrthedobsvariationsoftheeentricityandclationoftoaresynchronizedwiththeli
ationofitsarguntoferihelionthisisanticiatedthesecurerturbationtheorynstructedbykozai(1962)
thelongitudeofthenodeoftoreferredtothelongitudeofthenodeofune,θ3=Ω?Ωn,circutesandtheeriodofthiscircutionisealtotheeriodofθ2li
ationwhenθ3beeszero,iethelongitudesofascendgnodesofuneandtoover,theclationoftobeesaxitricitybeesiuandthearguntoferihelionbees90°whenθ3bees180°,theclationoftobeesitricitybeesaxiuandthearguntoferihelionbees90°agawilliasbenson(1971)anticiatedthistyeofresonance,ternfirni,nobilicaro(1989)
anarguntθ4=n+(Ω?Ωn)li
atesaround180°withlongeriod,?57108yr
ournuions,theresonances(i)–(iii)arewellataed,andvariationofthecriticalarguntsθ1,θ2,θ3rerdurgthewholetegrationeriod(figs14–16however,thefourthresonance(iv)aearstobedifferent:thecriticalarguntθ4alternatesli
ationandcircutionover1010yrtiscale(fig17)thisisanterestgfactthatkoshitanakai's(1995,1996)shortertegrationswerenotabletodisclose
discsion
whatkdofdynaisatasthislongterstabilityofthearysystebsidiatelythkofajorfeaturesthatayberesonsibleforthelongterstabilityfirst,thereseetobenosignificantlowerorderresonances(anotionandsecur)beeenanyairaongthenejuiterandsaturnarecloseto5:2anbs(thefao‘greateality),butnotjttheresonancezonehigherorderresonancesaycaethechaoticnatureofthearydynabsotion,buttheyarenotsostrongastodestroythestablearyotionwiththelifetioftherealsorsystedfeature,whichwethkisoreiortantforthelongterstabilityofourarysyste,isthedifferencedynabsbeeenterrestrialandjovianarysubsystes(itotanikawa1999,2001)whenwearysearationsbytheutualhillradii(r_),searationsaongterrestrialaregreaterthan26rh,whereasthoseaongjovianarelessthan14rhthisdifferenceisdirectlyretedtothedifferencebeeendynabsfeaturesofterrestrialandjovianterrestrialhavesallerasses,shorterorbitaleriodsandwiderdynabssearationtheyarestronglyerturbedbyjovianthathavergerasses,longerorbitaleriodsandnarrowerdynabssearationjovianarenoterturbedbyanyotherassivebodies
theresentterrestrialarysysteisstillbegdisturbedbytheassivejovianhowever,thewidesearationandaongtheterrestrialrendersthedisturbanceeffectivethedegreeofdisturbancebyjovianiso(ej)(orderofagnitudeoftheeentricityofjuiter),scethedisturbancecaedbyjovianisforcedosciltionhavganalitudeofo(ej)heightengofeentricity,forexaleo(ej)?005,isfarfrottorovokestabilitytheterrestrialhavgsuchwidesearationas26rhthweassuthattheresentwidedynabssearationaongterrestrial26rh)isrobablyoneofthenditionsforatagthestabilityofthearysysteover109yrtisanourdetailedanalysisoftheretionshibeeendynabsbeeenandthestabilitytiscaleofsorsystearyotionisnowongog
althoughournuionssanthelifetiofthesorsyste,thenuionsisfarfrottofilltheitialhasesaceitisnecessarytoerfororeandbstegrationstonfirandexaedetailthelongterstabilityofourarydynaics
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对火星轨道变化问题的最后解释[2/2页]